Recommended References
New to Dual Mode Sentencing? Confused? Read this one page explanation first.
The following link is the original paper on Dual Mode Sentencing which describes the Dual Mode Sentencing methodology. It's application is for the State of Utah, USA. These principles are applicable to any jurisdiction.
The following link is to a paper about a numerical analysis of recidivism in the State of Utah. It is very mathematical in nature. It provides a basis for understanding recidivism.
The following link is to a paper about corrections system performance. It is mathematical in nature. It ties recidivism to a lack of effective rehabilitation while in prison.
The following is testimony to the State of Utah - Prison Relocation and Development Authority (PRADA) and their consultant MGT of America. Note: The MGT study is complete, and PRADA is now disbanded. The Utah Prison Relocation Commission (UPRC) is now managing the prison relocation process.
I gave a presentation to the Utah Prisoner Advocate Network (UPAN). Thanks for the opportunity of presenting. Here is my slide show.
The following is testimony to the Utah Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice (CCJJ), April 3, 2014. Unfortunately, I only got to verbally deliver one page of the four pages at the public hearing before I was timed out. Fortunately, though, they accepted the full paper. You get to read it here thanks to the Internet.
Here's a quick and fun one-page paper entitled Dual Mode Sentencing - As Easy as Pie. Have a hard time understanding separation of motivations? You won't after tasting this paper!
What's the catch? Why are criminal justice professionals hung up on the old school? That's a dilemma - so I just as well call it as I see it. Here's another quick one-page paper. You will love it! Honestly!
Dual Mode Sentencing was presented to the Judiciary Interim Committee July 16, 2014. Here are two papers. The first is a transcript of the presentation, as delivered. Plus I give commentary on the circumstances surrounding the presentation. Secondly, a rebuttal to using Dual Mode Sentencing was presented. In the interest of fairness and transparency, I'm publishing it too. But I'm not going to do that without making an analysis of the rebuttal. You may review both sides, but keep an open mind please.
Can Dual Mode Sentencing be applied to solving the problems we have with Capital Punishment? Sure.
The Utah Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice (CCJJ) releasd their report on Justice Reinvestment Inititives. We did a mathematical analysys of the effects of implementing their recommendations, and found more dramatic and promising results than they did.
Legislators should be looking into Dual Mode Sentencing because it provides a basis for correct thinking about criminal justice reform. It fixes the problem they have with reporting back to their constituents that they are doing a good job. They can say, "The offender served the entire time that he was sentenced to completely pay his Debt to Society for the crime he committed, and then, on top of that, he was carefully evaluated using the best known methods for determining if he had a Risk of Recidivism of recommiting a crime, and only after that was he released." That sounds harsh, but it may mean the low-recidivism offender actually gets released sooner. Harsher? Easier? What it really means is that the decision is made correctly!
There are many good sites on the Internet that have positive things to say about Criminal Justice Reform. As I find them I will include links to them here. Before you click on one of these links that will take you away from Dual Mode Sentencing, please BOOKMARK this site.
If you own or operate another site, I would appreciate it very much if you would please link to this website: http://DualModeSentencing.org.
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One of the foremost organizations who do research and publish information about Criminal Justice and Sentencing is Pew Charitable Trusts. See their page on Sentencing and Corrections, and links to papers on Recidivism and Prison Costs. They also publish data on individual state Public Safety Performance.
The Sentencing Project works for a fair and effective U.S. criminal justice system by promoting reforms in sentencing policy, addressing unjust racial disparities and practices, and advocating for alternatives to incarceration. The Sentencing Project tracks and publishes the latest news and research about sentencing policy. Also see this from The Sentencing Project: Facts about Prisons and Prisoners.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics is a federal government agency that collects and reports on Criminal Justice statistics. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is a component of the Office of Justice Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice.
Utah Prisoner Advocate Network (UPAN) is an organization which helps inmate's family members navigate the rough world of having a loved-one in prison. They recognize (perhaps better than most) the trouble caused by their loved-ones' criminal behavior, and acknowledge, in many instances, the correct decision of putting their loved-one in prison. Even though their friend or family member is incarcerated, they still love them and are concerned about their welfare. UPAN advocates for fair treatment and responsible corrections decisions. They hold monthly meetings for mutual support and dissemination of information. On a personal note, UPAN has given audience to Dual Mode Sentencing, and for that they deserve a big shout-out --- THANK YOU!
The following are links to law reviews which discuss Double Jeopardy, particularly Multiple Punishment, and case law which would suggest that Dual Mode Sentencing could be constitutionally implemented. Seattle University Law Review, Cornell Law Review, Washington University Law Quarterly.
Here is a proposal from Wisconsin which makes a suggestion for what they call "Dual Choice." It involves giving the judge the liberty of selecting either a determinate sentence or an indeterminate sentence. It's published in Wisconsin Lawyer, a publication of the State Bar of Wisconsin.
The ACLU is actively tracking the process of criminal justice reform in Utah. See their website on Prison Relocation & Justice Reinvestment. They have also published a schedule of meetings on Criminal Justice Reform.
Education of inmates provides a primary benefit to the safety of society. One organization which seeks to provide tutoring to inmates is the PrisonEd Foundation. PrisonEd provides Books and Tutors to prisoners at no cost to the Corrections Department.